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Stokely Carmichael (June 29, 1941November 15, 1998), also known as Kwame Turé, was a Trinidadian-American revolutionary active in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, and later, the global Pan-African movement. Growing up in the United States from the age of eleven, he graduated from Howard University. He rose to prominence in the civil rights and Black Power movements, first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party, and finally as a leader of the All-African Peoples Revolutionary Party.〔("Kwame Touré" ), ''Freedom Riders'', American Experience website (PBS)〕 ==Early life and education== Born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Stokely Carmichael moved to Harlem, in New York, New York, in 1952 at the age of eleven, to rejoin his parents. They had emigrated when he was aged two, leaving him with his grandmother and two aunts.〔Kaufman, Michael T. ("Kwame Touré, Rights Leader Who Coined 'Black Power,' Dies at 57" ), ''New York Times'', November 16, 1998. Accessed March 27, 2008. ((alternate url) )〕 He had three sisters.〔 As a boy, Carmichael had attended Tranquility School in Trinidad until his parents were able to send for him.〔("Kwame Touré Biography" ), Answers.com, Accessed June 27, 2007.〕 His mother Mabel R. Carmichael〔 was a stewardess for a steamship line. His father Adolphus was a carpenter who also worked as a taxi driver.〔 The reunited Carmichael family eventually left Harlem to live in Van Nest in the East Bronx, at that time an aging neighborhood with residents who were primarily Jewish and Italian immigrants and descendants. According to a 1967 interview he gave to ''Life Magazine,'' Carmichael was the only black member of the Morris Park Dukes, a youth gang involved in alcohol and petty theft.〔 He attended the elite, selective Bronx High School of Science in New York, with entrance based on academic performance. After graduation in 1960, Carmichael enrolled at Howard University, a historically black university in Washington, D.C.. His professors included Sterling Brown,〔〔Stuckey, Sterling. ''Going Through the Storm: The Influence of African American Art in History''. Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 142, ISBN 0-19-508604-X, 9780195086041.〕 Nathan Hare,〔Safire, William ''Safire's Political Dictionary''. Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 58, ISBN 0-19-534334-4, ISBN 978-0-19-534334-2.〕 and Toni Morrison, a writer who later won the Nobel Prize.〔Haskins, Jim. ''Toni Morrison: Telling a Tale Untold''. Twenty-First Century Books, 2002, p. 44, ISBN 0-7613-1852-6, ISBN 978-0-7613-1852-1.〕 Carmichael and Tom Kahn, a Jewish-American student and civil-rights activist, helped to fund a five-day run of the ''Three Penny Opera'', by Berthold Brecht and Kurt Weill: Tom Kahn—very shrewdly—had captured the position of Treasurer of the Liberal Arts Student Council and the infinitely charismatic and popular Carmichael as floor whip was good at lining up the votes. Before they knew what hit them the Student Council had become a patron of the arts, having voted to buy out the remaining performances. It was a classic win/win. Members of the Council got patronage packets of tickets for distribution to friends and constituents. Carmichael's apartment on Euclid Street was a gathering place for his activist classmates.〔 He graduated in 1964 with a degree in philosophy.〔 Carmichael was offered a full graduate scholarship to Harvard University, but turned it down.〔Bruce Watson, ''Freedom Summer: The Savage Season That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy'', p. 177 (Viking, 2010).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stokely Carmichael」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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